Each link has a weighted value depending on the search engine and how they deal with link valuations. As a general rule some of the following come into play;
1. Age of the link (how long it has been around) 2. Topic and/or Title of the page the link is on 3. Relevance of the content of the page 4. Freshness of the page (has the page it is on been updated) 5. Number of links on the page (some ranking systems pass a ratio of accrued value) 6. Trust (is the link from a trusted page or a suspect domain)
Link Profiles - to expand the concepts a search engine also looks at the entire portfolio of incoming links to create what we call a 'Link Profile' - with this larger global view of your backlinks they can valuate it and even apply temporal metrics such as;
1. when links appear or disappear, 2. the rate at which links appear or disappear over time, 3. how many links appear or disappear during a given time period, 4. whether there is trend toward appearance of new links versus disappearance of existing links to the document, etc.
By doing this they can assess trends and potential attempts to game the search engine by artificially inflating one's profile. Temporal factors are also important in assessing the current popularity of a site on a chronological scale.
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